{"id":1085,"date":"2014-01-15T08:25:50","date_gmt":"2014-01-15T08:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/?page_id=1085"},"modified":"2018-04-14T08:23:41","modified_gmt":"2018-04-14T08:23:41","slug":"wald","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/?page_id=1085","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6kosystem Wald"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Wortherkunft und Begrifflichkeit<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>das Wort \u201c\u00d6kosystem\u201d ist altgriechisch = \u201edas Zusammengestellte\u201c oder \u201edas Verbundene\u201c.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6kosystem beschreibt eine Lebensgemeinschaft von Organismen mehrerer Arten (Bioz\u00f6nose) in ihrem Lebensraum (Biotop)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbreitung der W\u00e4<\/strong><strong>lder<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Waldgebiete = dominierende Vegetationsform der Biosph\u00e4re<\/li>\n<li>3,45 Mrd. Hektar bzw. ein Viertel der Landoberfl\u00e4che \u2014&gt; von W\u00e4ldern bedeckt<\/li>\n<li>Erscheinungsbild und die Artenzusammensetzung der W\u00e4lder sind vom Klima abh\u00e4ngig<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6kosystem Wald<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gro\u00dfe Artenvielfalt von Tieren &amp; Pflanzen<\/li>\n<li>gr\u00f6\u00dfte Artenvielfalt \u2014&gt; findet sich in Buchen-Urw\u00e4ldern (Europa, noch mehr Arten in den Tropen)<\/li>\n<li>in Buchen-Urw\u00e4ldern \u2014&gt; bis zu 6.700 verschiedene Tierarten<\/li>\n<li>gibt nur noch 43% Laubb\u00e4ume \u2014&gt; eigentlich die vorherrschende Baumart<\/li>\n<li>Es gibt Baumarten (wie Eichen oder Salweiden) die f\u00fcr sich schon ein \u00d6kosystem f\u00fcr bis zu 100 Tierarten darstellen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biosph\u00e4renpark Wienerwald<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bekannt als: \u201cEin Biosph\u00e4renpark am Rande einer Millionenstadt\u201d<\/li>\n<li>seit 2005 \u2014&gt; Konzept der UNESCO umgesetzt<\/li>\n<li>Aufgaben: Schutz, Entwicklung &amp; F\u00f6rderung<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Baumarten Wienerwald<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hainbuchen<\/li>\n<li>Flaumeichen<\/li>\n<li>Schwarzf\u00f6hren<\/li>\n<li>Eschen\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nat\u00fcrlichkeit<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>heutzutage kaum mehr \u201cnat\u00fcrliche W\u00e4lder\u201d,<\/li>\n<li>meisten W\u00e4lder w\u00fcrden ohne menschlichen Einfluss nicht mehr bestehen<\/li>\n<li>Beispiele f\u00fcr \u201cnat\u00fcrliche W\u00e4lder\u201d: Nationalpark Kalkalpen &amp; Urwald Rotwild<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Funktionen des Waldes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Klimaausgleich<\/li>\n<li>Umwandlung von Kohlendioxid in Sauerstoff<\/li>\n<li>Trinkwasser<\/li>\n<li>Schutz vor Erosionen<\/li>\n<li>Wirtschaftsfaktor<\/li>\n<li>Freizeit und Erholung<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bestandsentwicklung der W\u00e4lder in \u00d6sterreich<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00d6sterreichs Wald w\u00e4chst \u2014&gt; in unterschiedlicher Art und Weise<\/li>\n<li>in den Ballungsr\u00e4umen schrumpfen die Waldbest\u00e4nde<\/li>\n<li>Waldentwicklung wird gesteuert mit:<\/li>\n<li>\u2192forstliche Raumplanung<\/li>\n<li>\u2192Schutz von gef\u00e4hrdeten Wald-Lebensr\u00e4umen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Quellen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%96kosystem#Definitionen\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%96kosystem#Definitionen<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forstwirtschaft-in-deutschland.de\/waelder-entdecken\/wald-weltweit\/\">https:\/\/www.forstwirtschaft-in-deutschland.de\/waelder-entdecken\/wald-weltweit\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.umwelt-im-unterricht.de\/hintergrund\/das-oekosystem-wald-und-seine-funktionen\/\">https:\/\/www.umwelt-im-unterricht.de\/hintergrund\/das-oekosystem-wald-und-seine-funktionen\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmnt.gv.at\/forst\/oesterreich-wald\/oekosystem\/urwaldkulturwald.html\">https:\/\/www.bmnt.gv.at\/forst\/oesterreich-wald\/oekosystem\/urwaldkulturwald.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalparkregion.com\/nationalparks\/nationalpark-kalkalpen.html\">http:\/\/www.nationalparkregion.com\/nationalparks\/nationalpark-kalkalpen.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bpww.at\">https:\/\/www.bpww.at<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waldwissen.net\/wald\/tiere\/saeuger\/index_DE\">https:\/\/www.waldwissen.net\/wald\/tiere\/saeuger\/index_DE<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.umweltbundesamt.at\/umweltsituation\/raumordnung\/rp_auswirkungen\/rp_wald\/\">http:\/\/www.umweltbundesamt.at\/umweltsituation\/raumordnung\/rp_auswirkungen\/rp_wald\/<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3614\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/erlenbruch.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3614\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-3614\" src=\"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/erlenbruch-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Erlenbruchwald in Polen\" width=\"650\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/erlenbruch-1024x768.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/erlenbruch-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/erlenbruch-768x576.jpg 768w, http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/erlenbruch.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3614\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erlenbruchwald in Polen<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span lang=\"DE\">Pia Forster und&nbsp;<\/span><span lang=\"DE\">Lena Sedlacek, &nbsp;5HIA, HLMW9, 2018; Foto: Silke Geroldinger<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"watu_quiz\" class=\"quiz-area \">\n<p><p>Teste Dein Wissen:<\/p>\n<\/p><form action=\"\" method=\"post\" class=\"quiz-form \" id=\"quiz-103\" >\n<div class='watu-question' id='question-1'><div class='question-content'><p><span class='watu_num'>1. <\/span>Der Wienerwald ist ein&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' name='question_id[]' value='842' \/><div class='watu-questions-wrap '><input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4087' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-842[]' id='answer-id-4087' class='answer answer-1  answerof-842' value='4087' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4087' id='answer-label-4087' class=' answer label-1'><span class='answer'>Nationalpark<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4089' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-842[]' id='answer-id-4089' class='answer answer-1  answerof-842' value='4089' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4089' id='answer-label-4089' class=' answer label-1'><span class='answer'>Biosp\u00e4renpark<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4088' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-842[]' id='answer-id-4088' class='answer answer-1  answerof-842' value='4088' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4088' id='answer-label-4088' class=' answer label-1'><span class='answer'>Natura 2000 gebiet<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4090' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-842[]' id='answer-id-4090' class='answer answer-1  answerof-842' value='4090' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4090' id='answer-label-4090' class=' answer label-1'><span class='answer'>Fichtenforst<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' id='questionType1' value='radio' class=''><\/div><div class='watu-question' id='question-2'><div class='question-content'><p><span class='watu_num'>2. <\/span>Die artenreichsten W\u00e4lder in Europa sind&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' name='question_id[]' value='840' \/><div class='watu-questions-wrap '><input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4078' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-840[]' id='answer-id-4078' class='answer answer-2  answerof-840' value='4078' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4078' id='answer-label-4078' class=' answer label-2'><span class='answer'>Buchen-Urw\u00e4lder<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4081' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-840[]' id='answer-id-4081' class='answer answer-2  answerof-840' value='4081' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4081' id='answer-label-4081' class=' answer label-2'><span class='answer'>Laubmischw\u00e4lder<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4080' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-840[]' id='answer-id-4080' class='answer answer-2  answerof-840' value='4080' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4080' id='answer-label-4080' class=' answer label-2'><span class='answer'>Fichtenforste<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4079' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-840[]' id='answer-id-4079' class='answer answer-2  answerof-840' value='4079' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4079' id='answer-label-4079' class=' answer label-2'><span class='answer'>Tannenw\u00e4lder<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' id='questionType2' value='radio' class=''><\/div><div class='watu-question' id='question-3'><div class='question-content'><p><span class='watu_num'>3. <\/span>Was bedeutet der Begriff &#8222;\u00d6kosystem&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' name='question_id[]' value='838' \/><div class='watu-questions-wrap '><input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4072' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='checkbox' name='answer-838[]' id='answer-id-4072' class='answer answer-3  answerof-838' value='4072' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4072' id='answer-label-4072' class=' answer label-3'><span class='answer'>ein besonders wertvoller Lebensraum<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4073' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='checkbox' name='answer-838[]' id='answer-id-4073' class='answer answer-3  answerof-838' value='4073' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4073' id='answer-label-4073' class=' answer label-3'><span class='answer'>eine Lebensgemeinschaft (verschiedene Arten) in ihrem Lebensraum<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4070' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='checkbox' name='answer-838[]' id='answer-id-4070' class='answer answer-3  answerof-838' value='4070' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4070' id='answer-label-4070' class=' answer label-3'><span class='answer'>eine Lebensgemeinschaft verschiedener Tiere<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4071' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='checkbox' name='answer-838[]' id='answer-id-4071' class='answer answer-3  answerof-838' value='4071' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4071' id='answer-label-4071' class=' answer label-3'><span class='answer'>Biotop+Bioz\u00f6nose<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' id='questionType3' value='checkbox' class=''><\/div><div class='watu-question' id='question-4'><div class='question-content'><p><span class='watu_num'>4. <\/span>Wichtige Baumarten des Wienerwaldes sind:<\/p>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' name='question_id[]' value='841' \/><div class='watu-questions-wrap '><input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4083' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='checkbox' name='answer-841[]' id='answer-id-4083' class='answer answer-4  answerof-841' value='4083' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4083' id='answer-label-4083' class=' answer label-4'><span class='answer'>Flaumeichen<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4085' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='checkbox' name='answer-841[]' id='answer-id-4085' class='answer answer-4  answerof-841' value='4085' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4085' id='answer-label-4085' class=' answer label-4'><span class='answer'>Eschen<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4086' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='checkbox' name='answer-841[]' id='answer-id-4086' class='answer answer-4  answerof-841' value='4086' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4086' id='answer-label-4086' class=' answer label-4'><span class='answer'>Fichten<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4084' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='checkbox' name='answer-841[]' id='answer-id-4084' class='answer answer-4  answerof-841' value='4084' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4084' id='answer-label-4084' class=' answer label-4'><span class='answer'>Schwarzf\u00f6hren<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4082' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='checkbox' name='answer-841[]' id='answer-id-4082' class='answer answer-4  answerof-841' value='4082' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4082' id='answer-label-4082' class=' answer label-4'><span class='answer'>Hainbuchen<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' id='questionType4' value='checkbox' class=''><\/div><div class='watu-question' id='question-5'><div class='question-content'><p><span class='watu_num'>5. <\/span>Wie gro\u00df ist der Anteil von Wald in unserer Biosph\u00e4re<\/p>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' name='question_id[]' value='839' \/><div class='watu-questions-wrap '><input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4075' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-839[]' id='answer-id-4075' class='answer answer-5  answerof-839' value='4075' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4075' id='answer-label-4075' class=' answer label-5'><span class='answer'>etwa 1\/4 der Erde sind von Wald bedeckt<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4074' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-839[]' id='answer-id-4074' class='answer answer-5  answerof-839' value='4074' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4074' id='answer-label-4074' class=' answer label-5'><span class='answer'>etwa 3\/4 der Erde sind von Wald bedeckt<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4077' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-839[]' id='answer-id-4077' class='answer answer-5  answerof-839' value='4077' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4077' id='answer-label-4077' class=' answer label-5'><span class='answer'>etwa 1\/4 der Landoberfl\u00e4che sind von Wald bedeckt<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' name='answer_ids[]' class='watu-answer-ids' value='4076' \/><div class='watu-question-choice'><input type='radio' name='answer-839[]' id='answer-id-4076' class='answer answer-5  answerof-839' value='4076' \/>&nbsp;<label for='answer-id-4076' id='answer-label-4076' class=' answer label-5'><span class='answer'>etwa 3\/4 der Landoberfl\u00e4che sind von Wald bedeckt<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<\/div><input type='hidden' id='questionType5' value='radio' class=''><\/div><div style='display:none' id='question-6'><br \/><div class='question-content'><img src=\"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/wp-content\/plugins\/watu\/loading.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading ...\" title=\"Loading ...\" \/>&nbsp;Loading &#8230;<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\t<p>Question <span id='numQ'>1<\/span> of 5<\/p>\n\t\t<input type=\"button\" id=\"next-question\" value=\"Next &gt;\"  \/>\n<input type=\"button\" name=\"action\" onclick=\"Watu.submitResult()\" id=\"action-button\" value=\"Submit\"  class=\"watu-submit-button\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"no_ajax\" value=\"0\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"quiz_id\" value=\"103\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"watuStartTime\" name=\"start_time\" value=\"2026-04-30 05:37:16\" \/>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"watu-loading-result\" style=\"display:none;\">\n\t<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/wp-content\/plugins\/watu\/loading.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" title=\"Loading\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\t\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\nvar exam_id=0;\nvar question_ids='';\nvar watuURL='';\njQuery(function($){\nquestion_ids = \"842,840,838,841,839\";\nexam_id = 103;\nWatu.exam_id = exam_id;\nWatu.qArr = question_ids.split(',');\nWatu.post_id = 1085;\nWatu.singlePage = '0';\nWatu.hAppID = \"0.21062000 1777527436\";\nwatuURL = \"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php\";\nWatu.noAlertUnanswered = 0;\n});\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wortherkunft und Begrifflichkeit das Wort \u201c\u00d6kosystem\u201d ist altgriechisch = \u201edas Zusammengestellte\u201c oder \u201edas Verbundene\u201c. \u00d6kosystem beschreibt eine Lebensgemeinschaft von Organismen mehrerer Arten (Bioz\u00f6nose) in ihrem Lebensraum (Biotop) &nbsp; Verbreitung der W\u00e4lder Waldgebiete = dominierende Vegetationsform der Biosph\u00e4re 3,45 Mrd. Hektar bzw. ein Viertel der Landoberfl\u00e4che \u2014&gt; von W\u00e4ldern bedeckt Erscheinungsbild<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":470,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1085"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1085"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1085\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4896,"href":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1085\/revisions\/4896"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/nawi.naturundbildung.at\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}